Basic knowledge of winter water pump and pump maintenance and repair (2)

Agricultural water pump and pumping station in winter repair and maintenance of basic knowledge First, the installation and troubleshooting of agricultural pumps Second, agricultural water pump repair and maintenance in winter Third, agricultural centrifugal pump to mention the reasons and exclusion of water Four, agricultural submersible pump in winter Maintenance of agricultural pumping is bad pumping maintenance is adjusted Sixth, the purchase and use of agricultural pumps technology Seven, agricultural micro-pump purchase and matters needing attention Eight, agricultural pump energy-saving technology Nine, the use of agricultural submersible pump Notes Ten , Small sprinkler common troubleshooting 11, rainy season agricultural irrigation machinery maintenance 12, scientific use of agricultural wells 13th, sprinkler system common failures and exclusions 14th, surface irrigation improved technology 15th, field gate irrigation system ten Sixth, water-saving irrigation technical specifications Seventeen, the extraordinary operation of the pump Eighteen, motor repair and renovation Nineteen, pumping stations and auxiliary equipment The twenty, submersible pumps and emergency drainage new technology Thirteen, agricultural irrigation system common failures And exclusion 1, the proper use of sprinkler system 1) before use should check whether the nozzle riser vertical, whether the bracket Solid. Vertical pipes will not affect the nozzle rotation reliability and uniformity of water spray; stent instability, the operation will be pushed down by water spray, damage to the nozzle and smashed crops. 2) Shut off the valve on the pipe first, and then start the pump. After the pump reaches the rated speed, turn on the valves on the main valve and the branch pipe in order to start the pump under low load, avoid overloading and prevent the pipeline Vibration caused by water hammer. 3) During operation, pay attention to monitoring the pressure of each part of sprinkler system. The hydraulic loss of main pipe should not exceed the economic value. The pressure drop of branch pipe shall not exceed 20% of the maximum pressure of branch pipe. 4) In operation to observe the sprinkler irrigation is appropriate at any time, requires that the surface of the soil shall not produce runoff water. Otherwise, it indicates that the sprinkling intensity is large, and the working pressure should be reduced in time or the nozzle with smaller diameter should be changed to reduce the sprinkling intensity. 5) run sprinkler uniformity should not be less than 0.8. If the uniformity is poor, can be used to improve the uniformity of the entire spray irrigation to make up. The specific approach is: the second sprinkler sprinkler arranged in the first sprinkler between the two sprinklers, sprinkler nozzle third position again with the same. Sprinkler should be carried out in the absence of wind or wind hours, such as the need to wind when the sprinkler, you should reduce the distance between the nozzle, or the use of fan-shaped sprinkler. In the wind up to level 3 above, should stop sprinkler irrigation. 6) In the sprinkler operation should pay attention to prevent the water tongue sprayed onto the live lines, and to avoid the leakage lines when moving the pipeline to prevent accidents. 2, sprinkler irrigation system maintenance 1) After each sprinkler, to the machine, pump, nozzle scrub clean, rotating part of the timely fuel rust; pump and pump in winter to drain the water to prevent cracking. 2) If the sprinkler system is not used for a long time, the sprinkler should be disassembled to check whether there is any abnormal wear on rotating parts such as hollow shaft, sleeve shaft and pad circumference, and to timely repair or replace the damaged parts. Clean the surface of the pieces oiled after the installation; Pipeline memory water should be exhausted, anti-rust off to repair, hose to clean after the dry. After all the equipment is maintained, it is stored in a dry warehouse. 3) Sprinklers common problems and eliminate more forms of sprinklers, the following to rocker-type and worm-type sprinklers common failures and troubleshooting methods are introduced. (1) Abnormality of water tongue If the rotating nozzle is working normally, the water tongue should have a smooth and transparent round dense near the exit nozzle when there is no other object (rocker-type water guider or worm wheel impeller) blocking. After the dense section, the water tongue gradually turns white and is crushed; its range should not be less than 85% of the standard value, and the atomization is good. Otherwise abnormal watery tongue. The performance of the form: just leave the nozzle water nozzle, the surface is rough opaque, but the water is still the mainstream circular. The reason is the nozzle processing rough, burr or damage. The nozzle should be polished or replaced nozzle. As soon as the water tongue leaves the nozzle, there is no round, dense section. The main reason: ① nozzle internal damage is serious. Should be replaced; ② rectifier distortion. Should be repaired or replaced; ③ there is foreign body blockage in the runner. Remove foreign body. (2) water tongue traits but the range is not enough. Range is not enough, but the water mist atomization okay. The main reason is the nozzle speed is too fast. Should be adjusted small nozzle speed. Range is not enough, and the water tongue spray is poor. The reason is the work pressure is not enough. According to the request to increase the pressure. (3) rocker nozzle rotation is not normal. Rocker work properly, but the nozzle does not turn or turn slowly. The reason is: ① Hollow shaft and sleeve shaft clearance too school should increase its gap; ② Sediment between the two was blocked. Should be removed and cleaned; ③ sleeve shaft too tight when installed. Should be appropriate to relax. Rocker angle too school reasons: ① rocker spring pressure too tight. Should be properly tuned; ② rocker arm installed too high, water can not be completely cut into the water tongue. Should be lowered; ③ rocker and rocker shaft with too tight. Should increase the gap; ④ insufficient water pressure. Should increase the water pressure. Rocker arms wide enough, but percussion weakness. The reason is that the deflector cuts into the tongue so deeply that the force of the rocker arm is not yet fully tapped on the body of the spray. The percussion block should be thickened. Rocker percussion instability rate, suddenly slow. The reason is that the rocker and shaft are loose or the rocker shaft is loose. Should identify the cause of correction. Rocker throw off can not return. The main reason is rocker arm spring is too loose. Should tighten the spring. (4) worm gear (impeller type) nozzle rotation is not normal. Impeller idling, but the nozzle does not turn. The main reason: ① impeller shaft and small worm screw loose or pin off. Should be tightened; ② large worm gear and sleeve shaft between the screws loose. Should be tightened; ③ reverse gear slip ride. Reversing lever should be pulled so that the gear to catch. Tongue normal, but the impeller does not turn, spray body does not turn. The main reason: ① worm gear or gear short of oil, resistance is too large. Should add lubricating oil; ② positioning screw too tight, resulting in large eccentric worm gear. Should be properly loosen; ③ impeller stuck by foreign bodies. Should be cleared; ④ worm, gear or hollow shaft rust and rust between the sleeve shaft. Refueling should be loaded after complex. (5) Rotating part of the nozzle leakage. Washer into the sand, sealing surface is not sealed. Hollow shaft should be removed and cleaned. Sprinkler processing accuracy is not enough, hollow shaft and sleeve shaft end face can not be close together. Should be repaired or replaced. 14. Surface Irrigation Improvement Techniques Surface irrigation is still the most widely adopted method of irrigation in the world today. Due to the relatively serious waste of water in this ancient method, as water resources become increasingly scarce, countries are studying ways to improve them so that To move toward water-saving direction. The most representative studies can be summarized as the following. 1, surge irrigation surge irrigation, also known as intermittent irrigation, it is 70 years of American scholars introduced a new technology of surface irrigation. The approach is to first use a larger flow of water to promote a certain distance, to suspend irrigation, interval after a certain period of time to re-release water, so intermittent, so that the water surge was pushed forward. Because of this irrigation method, the water flow is fast and the soil pores close automatically, forming a thin sealing layer on the soil surface, greatly reducing deep seepage. 2, ground infiltration irrigation Ground infiltration irrigation is a new type of surface irrigation technology developed in Japan in the 1980s. Irrigation operation by the soil with capillary suction automatically from an aquifer water dispenser, when the soil reaches a certain saturation, the suction becomes smaller, the system automatically stop the water supply. 3. Negative pressure difference irrigation Negative pressure difference irrigation method is to submerge the porous pipe, relying on the water pipe and the soil around the negative pressure difference generated by automatic irrigation, the entire system can adapt to the soil around the pipe dry and wet conditions, automatic adjustment Water, water management convenience. 4, Membrane irrigation on the membrane is a new irrigation method explored by our researchers in Xinjiang on the basis of plastic film mulching. Its outstanding feature is that it can adjust the irrigation volume at the beginning and the end of the membrane by adjusting the number of the water seepage holes and the size of the hole at the beginning and the end of the membrane to obtain the relatively higher irrigation uniformity than the ordinary surface irrigation method and achieve the purpose of saving water and increasing yield . In fifteen, field pipeline irrigation system of low-pressure pipeline water delivery technology is to replace the open channel water pipelines, in recent years in China's well irrigation developed rapidly, and achieved significant water-saving benefits. However, this kind of water conveyance technology still needs some soil and furrows to transport water from the pipe outlet to the field. If adopting the corresponding supporting measures, a better water saving effect can be obtained. In response to this issue, the national water-saving irrigation technology and equipment based on Beijing, the study opened a field gate irrigation system. The system consists of a plurality of sluices arranged on the moving pipe and the pipe, including a water feeding hose and an adjustable water opening, and the water distributing port is composed of a gate, a pressure ring, a gate and a gate, Gate spacing and specifications according to the field ditch (畦) spacing and the required flow configuration. The system can replace the furrow to complete the field water distribution, through opening and closing the gate and adjust the gate and adjust the gate opening to control the flow into the ditch (畦). It is not only suitable for low pressure pipeline water supply system, but also for a certain head of the open channel. Field gate irrigation system less investment, quick, easy construction, easy to use, able to meet China's Daejeon eight water-saving irrigation development needs, with significant economic and social benefits. First, the irrigation water directly into the ditch through the water distribution port, to achieve no loss of water, greatly improving the water utilization; Second, pipe irrigation system instead of water and furrows, not occupied, and right reuse, reducing irrigation investment; Third, the use of water gate opening to adjust the flow rate control accurately and constant into the ditch, suitable for different soil and different specifications of ditch, can greatly improve the uniformity of irrigation; Fourth, the gate irrigation system for porous outflow Tubes, compared with blind tubes with equal flow, can reduce the working pressure on the tube wall and reduce the chances of damage, thereby prolonging the service life of the thin-walled tube. Fifth, the irrigation system of the gate tube is easy to install and can be operated on request Hole to install the water outlet to ensure the accuracy of the water outlet. Sixth, it has a wide range of applicability and flexibility, can be used for field, cash crops, vegetables and orchards; seven is the gate opening set, from the beginning to the end of irrigation, without manual operation, greatly reducing irrigation workers, improve irrigation Of the working conditions; eighth is the irrigation system can be controlled and canal irrigation area, can also be used as a full mobile pipeline water, instead of field agriculture, furrows, completed from the ditch to the ditch ditch water distribution, but also can be used as the last wave surge irrigation Water distribution pipelines. The installation of the system should pay attention to the following matters: The diameter of the water hose can not be less than the diameter of the outlet, the outlet should be smooth; water hose to double fold thickened set in the outlet, and then tied with flexible straps , Such as a groove at the outlet, a single layer of hose tied with straps can be; laying brake pipe try to make it close to the mouth, Mizoguchi, try straight, piling up a little land every 5 meters to prevent pipe Wind tilt or shift, be careful not to drag the hose; to install a water outlet at the end of the pipe, in order to facilitate the discharge of water after the installation is completed to the end of the water outlet closed; After opening with a hole in the designated position, install the water outlet, and pay attention to the up and down direction of the gate to be correct; the irrigation system should be cleaned after the entire system, reel storage, in order to extend the service life. Technical Specifications for Water-saving Irrigation 1 General 1.0.1 In order to make the construction of water-saving irrigation project a reasonable, feasible and uniform measure to promote the healthy development of water-saving irrigation, this code has been formulated. 1